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 How This Process Works for Lake Treatment and Wastewater Treatment at Low Cost The Hogen Process creates a low cost source of useable iron because free iron is created within the system instead of being manufactured at a chemical plant. How the Process Works within a Lake Under anaerobic conditions in the sludge (or sediment) layer on the bottom of the lake, specialized bacteria use oxygen from ferrites for respiration. This respiration frees up Iron to bind with phosphorous and sulfur. These elements are then precipitated out of the water column, rendering them unusable for aquatic plant growth. How the Process Works with Wastewater Ferrite is added to an existing treatment system. A unique bacteria is also added which metabolizes the ferrite, freeing up iron to bind with phosphorus, sulfur, and other nutrients as well as heavy metal compounds. These insoluble compounds are precipitated out of the water column, rendering them inactive. As the iron is used up, more ferrite must be added to the system. The specialized bacteria will continue to thrive within the system and does not require any further inoculations. The environment created within this process promotes an efficient and healthy biomass that improves settleability and sloughing. Further Explanation on How the Process Works In the dark, oxygen free sludge or sediments (depending on the type of system.), a bacterium attaches itself to a particle of iron and begins to feed on organics (BOD) at a high rate. As the specialized bacteria feeds on the organic matter in the system, it releases carbon dioxide and iron into the system. The iron binds and removes phosphorus, sulfur, and other nutrients along with an impressive list of heavy metals. Free iron binds and precipitates phosphorous and sulfur by a chemical bond between iron and phosphorous or iron and sulfur. When Ferrous Iron [Fe+2] is oxidized by exposure to air or other oxidizing agents, Iron is converted to the Ferric state [Fe+3]. Ferric Iron having a +3 charge will bind (or bond) with Phosphate [PO4] having a –3 charge creating Iron Phosphate [Fe(PO4)] which precipitates out of the water column. Ferrous Iron [Fe+2] will also bind with Phosphate. Adding three +2 Irons together gives a +6 charge, which in turn binds with two Phosphates having a –3 charge each giving a total Phosphate charge of –6 thus the Phosphorous is precipitated out as Fe3(PO4)2. Under anaerobic (No oxygen present) conditions, ferrous sulfide bonds are slightly stronger than ferrous phosphate bonds. Thus, excess sulfide ions can and will release phosphate as an ion, where it is available as a nutrient. Under aerobic (Oxygen present) conditions the situation is reversed. Phosphate is removed from the water column and the sulfide is oxidized to sulfate where it becomes inactive. | Wastewater
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